Источник: Wiley Online Library (The Addiction)

David S. Timberlake, Bryan D. Nguyen, Andrew T. Nguyen

First published: 15 March 2025

https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70039

Аннотация

Предпосылки и цель

Сигаретная промышленность в Соединенных Штатах (США) заложила основу для спонсирования исследований с целью улучшения связей с общественностью и защиты от судебных дел об ответственности за качество продукции. Меньшая угроза судебного разбирательства, с которой столкнулась американская индустрия бездымного табака (SLT — smokeless tobacco), возможно, способствовала спонсированию независимых исследований по употреблению SLT и последствиям для здоровья. Цель данного исследования — определить, использовала ли индустрия SLT стратегии сигаретной промышленности для манипулирования исследованиями рисков для здоровья.

Методы

Внутренние документы индустрии (например, письма, служебные записки) с 1970-х по 1990-е годы были доступны через онлайн-библиотеку документов табачной индустрии Truth в Калифорнийском университете в Сан-Франциско. Система стратегий табачной промышленности и критериев оценки спонсируемых исследований легла в основу классификации и обобщения документов, выявленных методом «снежного кома» (n = 177). Резюме награжденных проектов в ежегодных отчетах Совета по исследованию бездымного табака (STRC) были закодированы на предмет содержания (n = 189, 1982-1997 гг.).

Результаты

Под руководством юристов индустрия SLT спонсировала исследования в поддержку позиции своей группы интересов; выступала против исследований специфических для табака канцерогенов, таких как N-нитрозонорникотин (NNN); жестко критиковала исследование по контролю случаев рака ротоглотки; опиралась на группу получателей грантов и руководство STRC для дачи показаний против ограничений SLT. STRC присудил большую долю проектов по никотину (78/189), включая использование для лечения (например, синдрома Туретта), но недофинансировал эпидемиологические исследования (n = 3). Тем не менее, STRC наградил проекты по экстрактам или компонентам (например, NNN, n = 30), которые могут указывать на роль SLT в канцерогенезе.

Выводы

Несмотря на то, что Совет по изучению бездымного табака проводил некоторые исследования, которые могли ослабить промышленность, несбалансированный портфель проектов Совета и его неразрывная связь с промышленностью, скорее всего, благоприятствовали позиции группы интересов. Таким образом, мы не можем сделать вывод, что индустрия бездымного табака спонсировала исследования исключительно ради научных открытий. Большей независимости исследований, спонсируемых промышленностью, можно достичь, делегируя принятие научных решений ученым (а не юрисконсульту), ограничивая руководство теми, кто не связан с промышленным спонсором, и не полагаясь на грантополучателей в отстаивании позиции группы интересов.

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